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International Space Station (ISS) is a multinational orbital laboratory that has supported continuous human presence in low Earth orbit since 2000. Built through cooperation between NASA, Roscosmos, ESA, JAXA and CSA, it has hosted thousands of experiments in biology, physics, Earth observation and materials science.

However, the station is approaching the end of its operational life.

Structural fatigue, rising maintenance costs, and the increasing risk of micrometeoroid damage mean it cannot operate indefinitely.

Current plans led primarily by NASA involve deorbiting the ISS around 2030–2031.

The process will be carefully controlled, using docked spacecraft to gradually lower its orbit so that most of the structure burns up in Earth’s atmosphere, with any surviving debris directed into a remote area of the Pacific Ocean known as the “spacecraft cemetery.”

In parallel, commercial space stations such as those being developed by private companies aim to replace its research role.

The ISS’s retirement will mark the end of an era in international cooperation in space, but also the beginning of a shift toward commercially operated orbital platforms and deeper exploration missions to the Moon and Mars.

Lessons learned will inform future habitats and long-duration spaceflight systems for decades to come beyond Earth.

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However, the station is approaching the end of its operational life.

Structural fatigue, rising maintenance costs, and the increasing risk of micrometeoroid damage mean it cannot operate indefinitely.

Current plans led primarily by NASA involve deorbiting the ISS around 2030–2031.

In parallel, commercial space stations such as those being developed by private companies aim to replace its research role.

Lessons learned will inform future habitats and long-duration spaceflight systems for decades to come beyond Earth.

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John (JC) Reardon: The Universal Curator

John Reardon (writing as JC Reardon) is a prolific Australian author and a foundational pioneer of the nation's technology sector. Often described as a "modern polymath," Reardon has transitioned from building the infrastructure of the digital age to documenting the vast breadth of human knowledge through an expansive bibliography that exceeds 200 titles.

A Legacy of Innovation

Before becoming a mainstay in Australian publishing, Reardon was a trailblazer in the tech industry. He founded one of Australia's first Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and operated the country's first domain name provider. This deep-rooted expertise in complex systems—ranging from satellite technology to the inner workings of the internet—serves as the backbone for his contemporary writing on science and the future of AI.

The "Wikipedia with a Voice"

Reardon's literary approach is defined by his role as a knowledge aggregator. Rather than pursuing narrow academic specialization, he adopts the role of a "Universal Curator," mapping the continuous story of human civilization across several key pillars:

Military History: Detailed chronicles of the ANZACs, the Spitfire, and the Battle of Trafalgar.

Big Human Systems: Insightful explorations of global faiths and secret societies, including Buddhism, Islam, the Catholic Church, and the Freemasons.

Technology & Science: Accessible guides on Voyager, the evolution of the internet, and the trajectory of AI.

Myth & Folklore: Investigations into the Loch Ness Monster and the Illuminati.

Writing Philosophy

Utilizing an "overview + narrative" structure, Reardon focuses on accessibility, repackaging dense technical and historical data into digestible, story-driven guides for a general audience. His high-volume publishing model treats each book as a "compact portal," inviting the curious to explore a diverse array of subjects through the lens of a man who helped build the digital world they inhabit today.

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ISS - The International Space Station

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