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Batteries come in many forms, each designed to store and release energy in different ways depending on the job they need to do.

Alkaline batteries are the everyday workhorses found in remote controls, clocks, and toys. They are cheap, reliable, and disposable, but not rechargeable. Inside, zinc and manganese dioxide react to produce a steady flow of electricity.

Lithium-ion batteries are the sleek powerhouses inside smartphones, laptops, and electric vehicles. They are lightweight, rechargeable, and capable of storing a large amount of energy in a small space. Their chemistry allows repeated charging cycles with relatively little loss of performance, though they require careful management for safety.

Lead-acid batteries are older but still widely used in cars, boats, and backup power systems. They are heavy but durable, delivering strong bursts of energy needed to start engines. Their internal chemistry relies on lead plates and sulfuric acid.

Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries are commonly found in rechargeable household batteries and some hybrid vehicles. They are more environmentally friendly than older nickel-cadmium types and offer decent capacity.

Emerging solid-state batteries replace liquid electrolytes with solid materials, promising higher energy density, faster charging, and improved safety.

Together, these battery types power everything from tiny gadgets to entire electric grids, quietly driving modern life forward.

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Batteries come in many forms, each designed to store and release energy in different ways depending on the job they need to do.

Emerging solid-state batteries replace liquid electrolytes with solid materials, promising higher energy density, faster charging, and improved safety.

Together, these battery types power everything from tiny gadgets to entire electric grids, quietly driving modern life forward.

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John (JC) Reardon: The Universal Curator

John Reardon (writing as JC Reardon) is a prolific Australian author and a foundational pioneer of the nation's technology sector. Often described as a "modern polymath," Reardon has transitioned from building the infrastructure of the digital age to documenting the vast breadth of human knowledge through an expansive bibliography that exceeds 200 titles.

A Legacy of Innovation

Before becoming a mainstay in Australian publishing, Reardon was a trailblazer in the tech industry. He founded one of Australia's first Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and operated the country's first domain name provider. This deep-rooted expertise in complex systems—ranging from satellite technology to the inner workings of the internet—serves as the backbone for his contemporary writing on science and the future of AI.

The "Wikipedia with a Voice"

Reardon's literary approach is defined by his role as a knowledge aggregator. Rather than pursuing narrow academic specialization, he adopts the role of a "Universal Curator," mapping the continuous story of human civilization across several key pillars:

Military History: Detailed chronicles of the ANZACs, the Spitfire, and the Battle of Trafalgar.

Big Human Systems: Insightful explorations of global faiths and secret societies, including Buddhism, Islam, the Catholic Church, and the Freemasons.

Technology & Science: Accessible guides on Voyager, the evolution of the internet, and the trajectory of AI.

Myth & Folklore: Investigations into the Loch Ness Monster and the Illuminati.

Writing Philosophy

Utilizing an "overview + narrative" structure, Reardon focuses on accessibility, repackaging dense technical and historical data into digestible, story-driven guides for a general audience. His high-volume publishing model treats each book as a "compact portal," inviting the curious to explore a diverse array of subjects through the lens of a man who helped build the digital world they inhabit today.

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Batteries and How they work

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